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When Org mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown in default date/time format. It in fact accepts date/time information in a variety of formats. Org mode finds whatever information is in there and derives anything you have not specified from the default date and time. The default is usually the current date and time, but when modifying an existing timestamp, or when entering the second stamp of a range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer. Org mode assumes that most of the time you want to enter a date in the future.
You can specify a relative date by giving, as the first thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a letter—‘d’, ‘w’, ‘m’ or ‘y’