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Point is a special buffer position used by many editing commands, and like other positions, designates a place between two characters (or before the first character, or after the last character), rather than a particular character. Usually terminals display the cursor over the character that immediately follows point; point is actually before the character on which the cursor sits.
The value of point is a number no less than 1, and no greater than the buffer size plus 1.
Each buffer has its own value of point. Each window also has its own value of point, independent of the value of point in other windows displaying the same buffer. This makes it useful to have multiple windows showing one buffer: This is why point can have different values in various windows that display the same buffer.